Fast Food Facts Essay

Fast food is any food that is quick, convenient, and usually inexpensive. You can buy fast food just about anywhere that sells food and snacks. Vending machines and drive-thru restaurants are probably the most common places to find fast food. It’s so popular because for under $5.00 you can usually get a meal that’s satisfying. But fast food is inexpensive because it is usually made with cheaper ingredients such as high fat meat and foods that contain lots of unhealthy fats (saturated and trans fats) and cholesterol, instead of nutritious foods such as lean meats, fresh fruits, and vegetables. Is fast food bad? There is no such thing as a â€Å"bad† food. All foods can fit into a healthy meal plan! It’s true that fast food is usually high in fat, calories, cholesterol, and sodium, but eating fast food every once in a while is not going to cause you problems. If you eat too much fast food over a long period of time, though, it can lead to health problems like high blood pressure, heart disease, and obesity. Is some fast food healthier than others? If you are having fast food more than once a week, try to make healthier choices. Here are some tips: †¢Choose foods that are broiled over fried such as a grilled chicken sandwich instead of fried chicken or chicken nuggets. †¢Choose soups that are not cream based.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Have low-fat salad dressings instead of the full-fat kind. †¢Have a salad or soup instead of fries. †¢Use mustard or ketchup instead of mayonnaise. †¢Order smaller entrà ©e portions in general. For example: instead of a large sub, try a small sub with a side salad or piece of fruit. †¢Order smalls instead of â€Å"super-sizing.† A large fry has 540 calories and 26 grams of fat, but a small fry has about 60% less fat and calories (210 calories and 10 grams of fat). †¢When ordering a sub or sandwich, select leaner meats like turkey or grilled chicken instead of fried items, like a burgers or steak and cheese sandwiches. †¢Choose water, low-fat milk, or diet sodas instead of regular sodas, fruit drinks, and milkshakes. †¢When ordering pizza, add veggies instead of meat. †¢If fruit and veggies are available, try to add them into your meal. For example, have lettuce and tomato on sandwiches or burgers. Where can I find nutrition facts about fast food? You can check out your favorite fast food place or restaurant on the internet. You can find the company web site by doing a google search. Once you have found the web site, look for the â€Å"nutrition section†. There is usually a link on the home page to the nutrition section where you will find nutrition facts, including fat, cholesterol, sodium, protein, calories, and more. Most companies have a web site which includes useful nutrition information. This will help you make good choices when eating out! Remember: There are many healthy food choices that are easily available, tasty, and don’t cost very much that can be eaten on the go. Try to balance fast food with other nutritious foods throughout the day and make healthier choices whenever possible. Many fast food restaurants have their nutrition information available on-site or on the internet; take a look at it to help you choose healthier options.

Great Gatsby Social Analisys

East Egg and West Egg are both enormously wealthy suburbs of New York City, located on Long Island where they face the ocean. East Egg is the home of those people who enjoy the highest social prestige, as well as their money. Their fortunes have been inherited and their roots run deep in American society. Theirs is â€Å"old money. † The East Eggers place great value on tradition, family background, social convention, and manners, and they look with contempt upon others who were not born to their kind of wealth. The Buchanans live in East Egg. Tom and Daisy are example of the old money and social snobbery of East Egg. Those who live in West Egg, like Gatsby, are also very wealthy, but they are the social newcomers who have made their money through commerce (legal or otherwise). They lack the sense of entitlement found among the East Eggers, and they are not â€Å"refined† or â€Å"polished† in their manners. Gatsby represents this social class. He owns a mansion and dresses well, but he lacks the background of an old and well established family. He is uneducated. He has a great deal of money, but he displays it very conspicuously–a sign of terrible taste to someone like Tom Buchanan. By developing the social differences between East Egg and West Egg, Fitzgerald develops one the novel's themes. No matter how wealthy Gatsby might become, he would never belong to the Buchanan’s' upper social class because he was not born into it. He would always be an outsider.

The Rise of China on the Current World Order Essay

The Rise of China on the Current World Order - Essay Example The Rise of China on the Current World Order The fact that a majority of major economic powers hold strong preference for the current world order should not be surprising because of the lessons learnt from the disturbances in the 20th century that shook international politics, causing a rise of new institutional arrangements. As such, even before the end of World War II, there were efforts aimed at creating world constitutional order. America and other industrialised countries have entered into an age where they experience profound transformation since the international economy emerged in the period around the 17th and 18th centuries. The rise of the Asian economy, specifically China, has greatly influenced international affairs. In fact, Lampton (2008) notes that China’s re-emergence as a key world economic and political actor has received much recognition globally. The size of China’s market and its integration into the world economy has been a source of many opportunities and uncertainties at equal measures. There have been concerns regarding its currency, global trade and appetite for energy (Bergsten, Freeman, Lardy & Mitchell, 2008). Furthermore, concerns have been raised with regards to China’s policies on finance, resource management, food security and commodity prices as affecting millions of people outside its boundaries. In fact, Xing compares it to America’s â€Å"erstwhile role† making it an â€Å"indispensable country† (2010, n.p.). Therefore, the rise of China would definitely have a negative impact on the current world order.

Media Research - Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Research - Discussion - Essay Example The focus of the most desired effects studies would be on the content of video games as a mass media format and how it impacts youth personality and behavior. A recent study identified that the content of violent video games maintains the ability to lower player empathy toward others, in a survey of 307 adolescents between fourth and sixth grade (Funk, Baldacci, Pasold & Baumgardner, 26). It was cited as the â€Å"creative nature† of these games, accompanied with violent content, that changed how young individuals in society can lose their sense of compassion and kindness toward others with routine exposure (Funk, et al, 26). As identified, many varieties of this type of mass media contain advertising imagery that also alters attitudes and lifestyle focus, making effects studies absolutely fascinating. Offers one psychologist, â€Å"regular exposure to games actually rewires a child’s brand, making them more amenable to violence† (gamepolitics.com, 1). This, again, is why effects studies would be so critically important to understanding the role of different mass media formats on human behavior as they actually manage to create bio-physical changes to the human brain. Since there are many different formats of mass media other than video games, effects studies on all types of media could determine whether actual brain restructuring could be a potential and common outcome as a reason for why people change their attitudes and social behaviors. Effects studies related to video game media could be expanded to include the potential for television, radio and the social media found on the Internet to determine whether bio-physical changes occur after routine exposure to multiple media sources. By taking a larger sample of individuals who are not only children but include multiple demographics with different socio-economic backgrounds, actual brain measurements can be taken to witness whether structural changes occur after constant exposure to

Write one page about the short story a rose for Emily by William Essay

Write one page about the short story a rose for Emily by William Faulkner - Essay Example Predictable stories are generally boring, and very common. Use of a non-chronological order makes the story more interesting and engaging for the readers. Another reason for the use of the non-chronological order in the story is to guide the readers’ emotions and feelings towards the central character of the play that is Emily. The story starts with the death of Emily that should principally be the end of story. Since the readers can only learn about the character of Emily through the eyes of Jefferson’s people, who discuss her in her absence, the readers tend to empathize with Emily. One example of this is people’s referral to her as â€Å"poor Emily†. In the first place, the title i.e. A Rose for Emily creates a perception in the minds of the readers upfront that Emily is to be empathized with. It creates a psychological effect on the readers so that they start feeling for

Transfer from Cal Poly Pomona to USC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Transfer from Cal Poly Pomona to USC - Essay Example Lack of passion in agriculture and biology as subjects and redefined personal and professional goals that identify with civil engineering are therefore the immediate motivation into the desire to change my academic program and institution. While Cal Poly Pomona also offers civil engineering program, I prefer studying the course at USC because of its better facilities and staff that has earned it a better reputation among engineering colleges, being ranked better Cal Poly Pomona. This means that I shall develop greater potentials at USC than at Cal Poly Pomona, a factor that will enhance my long-term career and academic objectives. My primary and short-term objective is to complete the civil engineering program with outstanding academic and technical potentials for a faster career establishment and career development path. I also plan to study civil engineering at graduate and postgraduate levels and therefore desire a strong foundation that USC promises than the Cal Poly Pomona does. The transfer will, therefore, help me pursue my academic and career goals with higher success potentials and I look forward to your kind consideration that will facilitate these objectives.

Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity - Essay Example The mind of human beings causes sickness; the cause of diseases is internal, not external. In addition, Buddhists believe that human actions (Karma), whether bad or good, can lead to problems in the future. Negative actions can arise in the future thus leading to sickness while the positive actions lead to happiness and prosperity. For Buddhists, healing sicknesses begins when an individual engages in positive actions. Consequently, the mind should be mind should get rid of the negative Karmic spirits that may lead to sicknesses (Hawter, 2012). A Critical component of healing in Buddhism faith includes beliefs (in doing what is right). Human beings must be responsible for their actions. In addition, the Buddhist believes that doing positive actions to others can prevent future illnesses. Every human being has the power to control their destiny by doing what is good. Bad actions will only lead to sickness and sufferings (Hawter, 2012). When being cared for by people from other faiths, Buddhist stress on the need to guarantee quality care that cannot lead to future health problems. For Buddhist, actions should be positive, health care providers from other faiths must ensure that they get standard care that can heal the diseases (Hawter, 2012). ... The Shinto are deeply connected to nature that to scientific means of healing human beings. In addition, the Shinto believes that sickness is caused by the weakening of immune system by the spirits. The healing process begins by the removal of grievances that are not pleasing to the spirits. They often seek for spirits support when they want to get healed from certain diseases (Lotus, 2012). The most critical component of healing is in meditation. Human beings must honor the spirits which live on mountains, rovers and trees in order to get well. In addition, for human beings to get purification from the spirits, they must offer sacrifices, pray, and engage in a symbolic feast. The main aim of purification is to remove ‘dust’ which leads to human -spirit conflicts (Lotus, 2012). The people of Shinto consider their spirits and gods to be the most important when being cared for by health care providers from other faiths. In addition, they believe that the Goddess known as t he Amaterasu, recommended that human beings should worship the mirror. Such beliefs in the goddess lead to refusal of care from other health care providers who do not share in their beliefs (Lotus, 2012). Baha’i Perspective on Healing The Baha’i people believe that health care providers serve God wile engaging in health care practices. Providing quality services to patients is one of the ways in which human beings praise God. In addition, the Baha’i people believe in medicine, however, they also believe in divine healing where human beings can engage in prayers. Consequently, they hold the belief that there is a direct relationship between spiritual condition and the health of human beings. Human beings are required to offer prayers to

Banking in the modern world Homework 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Banking in the modern world Homework 2 - Essay Example What is the leverage-adjusted duration gap? Total value of portfolios of Assets = Commercial Loan + Consumer Loan = $400 + $250 = $650 Fractional value of assets at = 61.5 = 0.615% Fractional value of assets B = 38.4 = 0.384% Weighted Average Duration= Duration asset A (% in portfolio) + Duration of asset B (% in portfolio) Weighted Average Duration= 3 years (. 615) + 7 years (. 384) Weighted Average Duration= 1.85 + 2.69 = 4.54 years Total value of portfolios of Liability = IG Bonds + Deposits + Non-deposit borrowing = $65 + $600 + $50= $715 Fractional value of Liability A = .091 Fractional value of Liability B = .839 Fractional value of Liability C = .070 Weighted Average Duration= Duration Liability A (% in portfolio) + Duration of Liability B (% in portfolio) + Duration Liability C (% in portfolio) Weighted Average Duration= 15 years (.091) + 1.25 years (.839) + .50 years (.070) Weighted Average Duration= 1.365 + 1.049 + .035 Weighted Average Duration= 2.4 years Leverage-adjusted duration gap is a formula that measures the overall interest rate of bank and it tells positive or negative changes in the overall interest rate of a banking company. B. What is going to happen to the Bank’s net worth if interest rates will increase or decrease by 1 per cent from the current 5 percent? Interpret the results. Each banking service provider has to face the interest rate risk in its business and if the market rate increases or decrease, it affects the value of cash of banks. Suppose market rate increases with 1 %, then the demand and value of cash will not be affected and it will remain un-changed. But the value of the loan will effect and it will decrease. In this case, the market value of equity of that bank will increase and thus investors will get another opportunity to invest. C. How the Bank can reduce its exposure to interest rate risk? Show this with a numerical example. Each bank has an option to alter its interest rate exposure by making some changes a nd restricting its investment plans, borrowings and other pricing strategies and this can be done with the help of managing maturity times of its current portfolio. Question No. 2. What kind of futures or options hedges would be called for in the following situations? a. Market interest rates are expected to increase and your financial firm’s asset-liability managers expect to liquidate a portion of their bond portfolio to meet customers’ demands for funds in the upcoming quarter. Usually Financial firms expect a lower price for selling their bond portfolio in the market but they don’t expect it if the portfolio consists on short future hedge securities. After selling them on lower prices, they use to repurchase them at a profit giving rate. A similar profit can be made by the bank with the help of Put options for government and financial futures contracts. b. Your financial firm has interest-sensitive assets of $79 million and interest-sensitive liabilities of $88 million over the next 30 days and market interest rates are expected to rise. Financial firm has increased its interest-sensitive assets by $9 million that means this firm is a growing yo bear looser if the interest rate in the market increases. This firm need to hedge its risk it's going to bear on increased $9 million and for this, it should sell financial futures contracts or use a put option on government securities or financial futures contracts. c. A survey of Tuskee Bank’

Historical Modern Connections Essay Example for Free

Historical Modern Connections Essay Nature has always been looked at as an inspiration since beginning of time by all great artists and designers. Even in the current culture/era they have always looked back to historical arts and architectures for inspiration where they adapt, model, recycle and swipe arts. An Illustrated History of the Great Paris Designers and their Creations, New York 1972 Christian Dior He was a very influential fashion designer whom all designers respect and emulate. In 1930s after World War II fashion designer Dior concentrate on women fashions, with soft shoulders, wasp waists and flowing skirts which was appropriate for the post war era. The whole design idea came from his mother which was worn in 1900s. This design suited also the political agenda. He had private presentations until his market grew bigger for the â€Å"New look† designs he had designed (Kawamura 2004, 89). In 1948 Dior opened a ready to wear boutique, launched new perfumes, prior to the Bar Suits he had made in 1947. In 1949 he opened his Couture House managed by Civil Servant Jacques Rouet. In 1954 he unveiled new direction the French Bean line or Flat look, the New look Silhouette and Seamstress. Later in the year 1953 he discovered the Haule Couture autumn/winter, and in the year 1955-56 the Y Line dress, autumn/winter. (Kawamura 2004, 112) From the life and designs of Christian Dior we discover many of fashion designers nowadays are inspired by his life activities in design of great influence in the society. Alexander McQueen 1969  He had a delighted fashion and design audience with raw presentation depicting history and anarchic politics. He’s best known for his challenging and commendable designs which have solidified his status. In 1995 he designed autumn/winter catwalks-Highland Rape. In the year 1997 he designed autumn/winter lapoupee combines, aggressive tailoring and lyrical romantiom. He also designed men’s wear brand founded in the 19th Century and Military outfits (Quinn 2002, 132) He has always collaborated with others to make his designs best outfits. Application  From the two comparable designers Alexander McQueen and Christian Dior we find that art and design has always played a roll in the development of the human race. This is not only in small areas of our lives but in each and every aspect. For instance, spring/summer 2007 Christian Dior Kimono, non-western is inspired from the early 1800s through 1970s way back in the; Edo period 1603 to 1868, Meiji period 1868 to 1912, Taisho period 1912 to 1926, Shonwa period 1926 to 1989 which are currently sold in other names in the fashion industry (Kawamura 2004, 118)  Since the World War II. There have been great innovations in the fashion designs industry due to great creativity. Most of the fashion designs in the current market revolve around historical designs and changes made are to suit the changing lifestyles in our environment. Conclusion We all accept that from the times of Christian Dior, due to adaptability fashion designs has always become versatile and enlightening, hence history has always affected our present culture, and is more appealing. In fashion and design it’s an expression of life.

Moliere’s Portrayal of Religion and Religiosity Essay Example for Free

Moliere’s Portrayal of Religion and Religiosity Essay Moliere’s Tartuffe is about a man named Tartuffe who is a beggar and holy man that was recently taken in by a Christian man named, Orgon. Tartuffe has Orgon fooled, but the entire rest of Orgon’s family sees Tartuffe as a hypocritical, self-righteous con artist. Orgon becomes obsessed with Tartuffe and would rather talk and hear about him than his own sick wife. Even though Moliere rewrote this play twice, there are many reasons that the church might still be concerned about the hypocrisy that he used toward Christianity in this play. In 1666 Tartuffe was banned, a play many found offensive because of its assault on church hypocrisy. Many people of the church could still be concerned, due to Moliere’s portrayal of Christianity and how it is almost mocked in this play. Allot of the comedy Moliere portrays is intense focus on Orgon as example of a certain kind of traditional Christian. He isn’t the ‘only’ type of Christian in this play, but the way he is portrayed is almost in a hypocritical manner. Orgon is so eager to believe Tartuffe, mainly due to the fact that Tartuffe is professing to be another type of Christian. Moliere regards the type of Christian that Tartuffe is as insane. The way mankind is portrayed on behalf of Orgon is almost as depraved as a result of Original Sin, so therefore Orgon has to be subjected, for his own good, to somewhat of a dictatorial control by divinely appointed authorities, or the King. Moliere portrays Orgon as a good Christian man, who is taken advantage of and ultimately almost loses everything because he is willing to take Tartuffe in and treat him as if he were family. The reason the church should be concerned here is the fact that Moliere portrays the way Tartuffe is insane and manipulates the good Christian man. He shows Orgon, the good Christian man as blind to all the wrong, and coming out as essentially the â€Å"loser† and the insane Christian and manipulator, Tartuffe, comes out with all of Orgon’s belongings. After reading Moliere’s Tartuffe I now can see how the church would be heavily concerned with how Moliere portrays Christianity as ‘the nice guy finishes last’ with relation to Orgon and Christianity. The church could also see the hypocrisy by the portrayal of Tartuffe as a â€Å"religious con man† or â€Å"religious fraud. †

What Is Power Electronics Engineering Essay

What Is Power Electronics Engineering Essay Power electronics involves the study of electronic circuits intended to control the flow of electrical energy. These circuits handle power flow at levels much higher than the individual device ratings. It has been said that people do not use electricity, but rather they use communication, light, mechanical work, entertainment, and all the tangible benefits of both energy and electronics. In this sense, electrical engineering is a discipline very much involved in energy conversion and information. In the general world of electronics engineering, the circuits engineers design and use are intended to convert information, with energy merely a secondary consideration in most cases. This is true of both analog and digital circuit design. In radio frequency applications, energy and information are sometimes on a more equal footing, but the main function of any circuit is that of information transfer. What about the conversion and control of electrical energy itself? Electrical energy sources are varied and of many types. It is natural, then, to consider how electronic circuits and systems can be applied to the challenges of energy conversion and management. This is the framework of power electronics, a discipline that is defined in terms of electrical energy conversion, applications, and electronic devices. More specifically, Rectifiers are probably the most familiar example of circuits that meet this definition. Inverters (a general term for dc-ac converters) and dc-dc converters for power supplies are also common applications. As shown in Fig. 1.1, power electronics represents a median point at which the topics of energy systems, electronics, and control converge and combine [1].Any useful circuit design for the control of power must address issues of both devices and control, as well as of the energy itself. Among the unique aspects of power electronics are its emphasis on lar ge semiconductor devices, the application of magnetic devices for energy storage, and special control methods that must be applied to nonlinear systems. In any study of electrical engineering, power electronics must be placed on a level with digital, analog, and radio-frequency electronics if we are to reflect its distinctive design methods and unique challenges. FIGURE 1.1 Control, energy, and power electronics are interrelated. All power electronic circuits manage the flow of electrical energy between some sort of source and a load. The parts in a circuit must direct electrical flows, not impede them. A general power conversion system is shown in Fig. 1.2. The function of the power converter positioned at the middle is that of controlling energy flow between a given electrical source and a given load. For our purposes, the power converter will be implemented with a power electronic circuit. As a power converter appears between a source and a load, any energy used within the converter is lost to the overall system. A crucial point emergesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬to build a power converter, we should consider only lossless components. A realistic converter design must approach 100% efficiency. A power converter connected between a source and a load also affects system reliability. FIGURE 1.2 General systems for electric power conversion A circuit built from ideal switches will be lossless. As a result, switches are the main components of power converters, and many people equate power electronics with the study of switching power converters. Magnetic transformers and lossless storage elements such as capacitors and inductors are also valid candidates for use in power converters. The complete concept, shown in Fig. 1.3, illustrates a power electronic system. Such a system consists of an energy source, an electrical load, a power electronic circuit, and control functions. The power electronic circuit contains switches, lossless energy storage elements, and magnetic transformers. The controls take information from the source, load, and designer and then determine how the switches operate to achieve the desired conversion. The controls are usually built up with conventional low-power analog and digital electronics. FIGURE 1.3 a basic power electronic system Trends in Power Supplies : As costs of electronics decline, the power supply becomes a larger fraction of system cost and design effort. One major manufacturer estimates that power supply cost will soon reach 50% of the total cost of a typical electronic product such as a cordless telephone or personal computer. Thus, new technology developments in power supplies are critically important. In the past, bulky linear power supplies were designed with transformers and rectifiers from the ac line frequency to provide low-level dc voltages for electronic circuits. Late in the 1960s, use of dc sources in aerospace applications led to the development of power electronic dc-dc conversion circuits for power supplies. In a typical power electronics arrangement today, an ac source from a wall outlet is rectified without any transformation; the resulting high dc voltage is converted through a dc-dc circuit to the 5V, 12 V, or other level required. These switched-mode power supplies are rapidly supplanting linear supplies across the full spectrum of circuit applications. A personal computer commonly requires three different 5V supplies, two .12 V supplies, a ÃÆ' ¿12 V supply, a 24 V supply, and perhaps a few more. This does not include supplies for 1 Introduction 3 video display or peripheral devices. Only a switched-mode supply can support such complex requirements without high costs. The bulk and weight of linear supplies make them infeasible for hand-held communication devices, calculators, notebook computers, and similar equipment. Switched-mode supplies often take advantage of MOSFET semiconductor technology. Trends toward high reliability, low cost, and miniaturization have reached the point at which a 5 V power supply sold today might last 1,000,000 hr (more than 100 yr), provide 100Wof output in a package with volume This type of supply brings an interesting dilemma: the ac line cord to plug it in actually takes up more space than the power supply itself. Innovative concepts such as integrating a power supply within a connection cable will be used in the future. Device technology for power supplies is being driven by expanding needs in the automotive and telecommunications industries as well as in markets for portable equipment. The automotive industry is making a transition to 42 V systems to handle increasing electric power needs. Power conversion for this industry must be cost effective, yet rugged enough to survive the high vibration and wide temperature range to which a passenger car is exposed. Global communication is possible only when sophisticated equipment can be used almost anywhere. This brings a special challenge, because electrical supplies are neither reliable nor consistent throughout much of the world. While in North America voltage swings in the domestic ac supply are often Given the enormous size of worldwide markets for telephones and consumer electronics, there is a clear need for flexible-source equipment. Designers are challenged to obtain maximum performance from small batteries, and to create equipment with minimal energy requirements. DEVICE TYPE CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER DEVICES Diode: Current ratings from 5000 A. Voltage ratings from 10V to 10 kV or more. The fastest power devices switch in BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor): Conducts collector current (in one direction) when sufficient base current is applied. Power device current ratings from 0.5 to 500 A or more; voltages from 30 to 1200V. Switching times from 0.5 to 100 ms. The function applies to dc-dc circuits; combinations with diodes are used in inverters. Power BJTs are being supplanted by FETs and IGBTs. FET (Field Effect Transistor): Conducts drain current when sufficient gate voltage is applied. Power FETs (nearly always enhancement mode MOSFETs) have a parallel connected reverse diode by virtue of their construction. Ratings from _1 to _100 A and 30 up to 1000V. Switching times are fast, from 50 or less up to 200 ns. The function applies to dc-dc conversion, where the FET is in wide use, and to inverters. IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor): A special type of power FET that has the function of a BJT with its base driven by a FET. Faster than a BJT of similar ratings, and easy to use. Ratings from 10 to >600 A, with voltages of 600 to 1700V. The IGBT is popular in inverters from _1 to 100kW or more. It is found almost exclusively in power electronics applications. SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier): A thyristor that conducts like a diode after a gate pulse is applied. Turns off only when current becomes zero. Prevents current flow until a pulse appears. Ratings from 10 up to more than 5000 A, and from 200V up to 6 kV. Switching requires 1 to 200 ms. widely used for controlled rectifiers. The SCR is found almost exclusively in power electronics applications, and is the most common member of the thyristor family. GTO (Gate Turn-Off Thyristor): an SCR that can be turned off by sending a negative pulse to its gate terminal. Can substitute for BJTs in applications where power ratings must be very high. The ratings approach those of SCRs, and the speeds are similar as well. Used in inverters rated >100 kW. TRIAC: A semiconductor constructed to resemble two SCRs connected in reverse parallel. Ratings from 2 to 50 A and 200 to 800V. Used in lamp dimmers, home appliances, and hand tools. Not as rugged as many other device types, but very convenient for many ac applications. MCT (MOSFET Controlled Thyristor): A special type of SCR that has the function of a GTO with its gate driven from a FET. Much faster than conventional GTOs, and easier to use. These devices are supplanting GTOs in some application areas. POWER CONVERTERS The power processors usually consist of more than one power conversion stage where the operation of these stages is decoupled on an instantaneous basis by means of energy storage elements such as capacitors and inductors. Therefore, the instantaneous power input does not have to equal the instantaneous power output. We will refer to each power conversion stage as a converter. Thus, a converter is a basic module (building block) of power electronic systems. It utilizes power semiconductor devices controlled by signal electronics (integrated circuits) and possibly energy storage elements such as inductors and capacitors. Based on the form (frequency) on the two sides, converters can be divided into the following broad categories: 1. AC to DC 2. DC to AC 3. DC to DC 4. AC to AC We will use converter as a generic tenn to refer to a single power conversion stage that may perform any of the functions listed above. To be more specific, in ac-to-dc and dc-to-ac conversion, rectifier refers to a converter when the average power flow is from the ac to the dc side. Inverter refers to the converter when the average power flow is from the dc to the ac side. In fact, the power flow through the converter may be reversible. Power Electronic Applications (a) Residential Refrigeration and freezers Space heating Air conditioning Cooking Lighting Electronics (personal computers, other entertainment equipment) (b) Commercial Heating. ventilating, and air conditioning Central refrigeration Lighting Computers and office equipment Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) Elevators (c) Industrial Pumps Compressors Blowers and fans Machine tools (robots) Arc furnaces, induction furnaces Lighting Industrial lasers Induction heating Welding (d) Transportation Traction control of electric vehicles Battery chargers for electric vehicles Electric locomotives Street cars, trolley buses Subways Automotive electronics including engine controls (e) Utility systems High-voltage dc transmission (HVOC) Static var compensation (SVC) Supplemental energy sources (wind, photovoltaic), fuel cells Energy storage systems Induced-draft fans and boiler feed water pumps (f) Aerospace Space shuttle power supply systems Satellite power systems Aircraft power systems (g) Telecommunications Battery chargers Power supplies (dc and UPS)

Napster - Stare And Live The Nightmare :: essays research papers

For many years the record companies have fixed record prices to avoid competing with each other and to maximize their profits. Currently, the record companies are collaborating in order to force Napster to shut down. The record companies are claiming that Napster is breaking copyright laws. Napster is a peace of software available for free on the Internet, which allows you to download almost any song you can think of. All you need to get Napster is a computer and Internet connection, the faster the better. Should people feel sympathy for the record companies because of the supposed starvation as a result of Napster file sharing? Or should the sympathy lie with the users of Napster? Let us examine who is trying to shut down Napster and for what reasons. Let us also determine the reasons why people want Napster to remain open. The Record Company is strongly opposed to Napster for one reason and one reason only. Apparently, the record companies are losing more and more of the market to Napster file sharing on the Internet. Record companies justify their lawsuits against Napster with the line so often used in press conferences, â€Å"Napster breaks copyright laws.† This phrase seems like a legitimate argument. One could understand the reasons for feeling this way. For simplicity sake, we will use Dave as an example. Dave developed a product and sells it, and, at first, his product does very well. His product is then duplicated again and again by a person who purchased his product. Dave watches his sales plummet and, of course, feels cheated. Should Dave have the right to sue the person who copied his product? Most people would say yes. This is the argument the record companies are making in defense of the lawsuits against Napster. However, let us look deeper into the matters of sales within the record companies. Record companies say they are suffering as a result of Napster. The price of a CD has stayed the same for many years as far as I can remember. Why would the record companies not raise the price of a CD if their profits were dropping? Also, the sales of records from1999 to 2000 have actually increased 2%. Why would there be an increase in sales if, the record companies claim, Napster is hurting their business and taking up some of the market? I am sure if Napster was good for business in the record companies’ eyes, the record companies would not be complaining about copyright infringement laws being broken.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, and the P.A.N.D.A.S. Conne :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, and the P.A.N.D.A.S. Connection As someone who's been plagued by an Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorder since childhood, I can say it seems hopeless at times. For so long a sufferer feels that what they have isn't a legitimate ailment and that he is alone in his battle. Thankfully, in recent years, more and more research is being done on Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, and more answers are being found. Obsessive Compulsive Disorders are the fourth most common psychiatric diagnosis. Sometimes the onset of symptoms is sudden, but more often than not it is a gradual progression. Precipitating events that could spur the onset of an Obsessive Compulsive Disorder can include emotional stress (domestic or job-related), increased levels of responsibility, health problems, and bereavement. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition, "the essential features of an Obsessive Compulsive Disorder are recurrent obsession or compulsions that are severe enough to be time consuming (i.e.: they take more than an hour per day) or cause marked distress or significant impairment. At some point during the course of the disorder, the person has recognized the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable. It's important to note that this is difficult concerning children because children tend to not realize that their compulsions are excessive or unreaso nable while adults do ((1) .). People develop compulsions by trying to ignore thoughts or impulses, or by trying to neutralize them with other thoughts or actions. Compulsions are mental acts, and include repeating words, ordering things, hand washing, and various other motions. The goal of these compulsions is to prevent or reduce anxiety. Because Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI's) such as Prozac, Luvox, Zoloft, and Paxil are effective in controlling Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, it's believed that serotonin regulation is a part of the cause of OCD. Serotonin is a very important chemical messenger in the brain, and plays a role in a person's mood, aggression, impulse control, sleep, appetite, body temperature, and pain. Brain imaging studies have depicted various abnormalities in parts of the brains of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder sufferers. These parts include the caudate nucleus, the basil ganglia, the thalamus, orbital cortex, and cingulated gyrus. Disorders that have the obsessive compulsive symptoms of intrusive, repetitive behaviors are often called OC Spectrum Disorders. Amongst these include Trichotillomania, Monosyruptomatic Hypochondriasis, Body Dismorphic Disorder, and some eating disorders.

Children learn in a variety of ways

In order to see why some kids are more successful as scholars than others it is necessary to see how success is to be defined. This is a peculiarly hard inquiry as a practician within an English secondary school, where two definitions presently persist. The National Curriculum ( the statutory model for instruction in England ) defines successful scholars as pupils who possess certain accomplishments[ I ]( see appendix A ) . This would connote that within English schools kids are deemed to be successful scholars depending upon whether they have developed the identified accomplishments. The accomplishments listed are non specific to any one topic and as such there is no demand for scholars to finish any traditional academic class. However, English schools are measured and judged by the criterions set by consecutive authoritiess. The current authorities has decided that a school ‘s success will be judged based upon their pupils ‘ public presentation in specified GCSE topics[ two ]( 5 A*-C GCSE ‘s including English, Maths, Science, Modern Foreign Language and History or Geography ) . This clearly shifts the focal point within English school from the accomplishments of successful larning back towards public presentation in traditional academic topics. Within this assignment a successful scholar shall be considered to be a pupil who achieves the English Baccalaureate. The writer acknowledges that the authorities ‘s current definition of success is controversial, non least of all as a consequence of the inclusion or exclusion of specific classs of survey. However this definition seems likely to be at the head of educational reform for the foreseeable hereafter and as such is of specific involvement to new practicians. This assignment seeks to critically analyze the consequence of theories of intelligence upon the success of a scholar. It is acknowledged that intelligence research is a monolithic field and that hence this assignment can non measure the full range of research. The focal point of this assignment will stay steadfastly grounded in the deductions of theories within instruction. If intelligence, nevertheless defined, were the lone finding factor upon the success of scholars so a simple trial should be able to accurately foretell the educational results for every kid around the universe. This is clearly non the instance. Individual pupils interact with the universe, and accordingly, the instruction system in a assortment of different ways. There are legion factors impacting upon this interaction which autumn outside of the range of this assignment. Nevertheless it is of import to retrieve that pupils ‘ ultimate success at school can be earnestly affected by factors such as the pupil ‘s motive, their cultural background and any Particular Educational Needs. By definition, it is clear that the whether or non a pupil achieves the English Baccalaureate does non take into history the single differences between scholars. There is no universally acknowledged definition of intelligence. A simple hunt in the Oxford English Dictionary reveals legion definitions, supported by quotation marks within written English dating back every bit far as the 1300 ‘s[ three ]. The word itself holds a curious topographic point within society, its importance is revered and yet its significance can non be easy defined. So what is intelligence? At its most limited definition, â€Å" intelligence is what intelligence trials step †[ four ]. A individual ‘s public presentation on a set on unrelated specified undertakings. However in order to follow this definition of intelligence it is necessary to cognize what it is that intelligence trials really test. At the clip that Boring made his statement ( 1932 ) his statement was genuinely round, neither he nor anyone else at the clip knew what the trials measured[ V ]. In regard of the deductions of intelligence theories on instruction trials began to be developed in France around 1904. Such trials were devised by psychologists such as Binet to foretell ‘success ‘ within the Parisian School system, to the extent that he abandoned the usage of any trial which did non separate between the kids irrespective of its conformity with his vague and traditional theory of intelligence. It would look that Binet ‘s work was non based upon any fresh theory of intelligence, simply the practical job of screening kids into those who could and could non execute in a traditional school scene. Binet ‘s ensuing trial was weighted towards mensurating verbal memory, verbal logical thinking, numerical logical thinking, grasp of logical sequences and an ability to province how one would work out the jobs of day-to-day life. An person ‘s trial mark age was so compared to their existent age. This work formed the footing of Stern ‘s develo pment of the â€Å" intelligence quotient † . The success envisioned by Binet and the Gallic Government at the clip is really similar to the success required by the current UK authorities. Therefore such trials will go on to be a forecaster of success today. Given Binet ‘s attack to the development of his trial, it would look that despite being credited as the Godhead of the first intelligence trial he was in fact the Godhead of a standardized appraisal trial. In recent old ages at that place has been increasing concerns over the impact of national trials. Standardized appraisal trials have been dropped at Key Stage 3 wholly and reduced to merely trials in English and Mathematics at Key Stage 2. In 2010 many primary schools took the extra measure of boycotting the national trials, directing their pupils to secondary schools with Teacher Assessed Levels. Whilst many argue that instructor appraisal leads to better truth than trials for which pupils are extensively prepared, how so can it be the instance that while many instructors are reasoning against the usage of SAT trials in UK schools, they continue to utilize the information provided from intelligence and cognitive ability trials. The usage of intelligence and cognitive intelligence proving within UK schools has increased dramatically within recent old ages. Within this field there are two chief trials which a big figure of pupils presently sit ( CAT and MidYIS/YeLIS ) . These trials are frequently used to help schools in the scene of mark classs and ability grouping without the coaching antecedently experienced in readying for SAT ‘s. Despite this being normal pattern in many schools, it remains controversial. The usage of such trials within schools strengthens the position of intelligence and intelligence-style trials as simply a method of finding success in school. The thought of ‘intelligence proving ‘ has been developed well in the United States since Binet ‘s original work and is now applied in a assortment of different ways, frequently with terrorizing consequences. The writers of The Bell Curve sparked monolithic contention with their work sing the IQ tonss of cultural groups within the United States. Their work seamed to back up the position that intelligence was unconditioned, that it could non be altered and that people with low IQ ‘s caused the jobs within society. This has caused monolithic concern around the universe and the potency for this system to be used to warrant societal segregation or worse can non be ignored. Whilst it is outside the range of this assignment to to the full measure the ongoing nature versus raising argument, it is the writer ‘s position that if a pupil can be ‘coached ‘ to better their consequences on the SAT ‘s trials so it is imaginable that they could be ‘coached ‘ to better their mark on an IQ trial. In response to the publication of ‘The Bell Curve ‘ concern began to turn sing the limited nature of intelligence, as measured by the ‘intelligence quotient ‘ , and any cultural prejudice within the trials. What is valued within a peculiar civilization has monolithic deductions of the development of its people and its construct of intelligence. The original intelligence trials were devised with Western school success in head and early illustrations contain clearly cultural and socio-economic based inquiries. In visible radiation of this concerns sing the US-centric intelligence research Stern berg kind to see the deductions of civilization upon theories of intelligence. In his article Culture, direction, and assessment Sternberg looked at his and other research workers work sing the impact of civilization. The research indicates that ; the act of assessment itself can impact upon an person ‘s public presentation as different civilizations have different outlooks of how they will be assessed, that persons in different civilizations may believe about constructs and jobs in different ways, that public presentation is improved when the stuff being assessed is familiar and meaningful to them, that academic accomplishments are non every bit valued in all civilizations peculiarly where certain practical accomplishments and cognition help them last in their environment. Whilst researching in Africa Sternberg found that many of the traditional positions of intelligence, valued in western so ciety, were frequently considered ‘stupid ‘ in different civilizations i.e. it was non the instance that they could non screen the points as required by the trial but they thought that do so was a mark of stupidity. In response to this find Sternberg developed his theory of successful intelligence ; nevertheless it is non the lone theoretician to review the current system culturally-loaded attack. Gardner MI â€Å" puting logic and linguistic communication on a pedestal reflects the values of our Western civilization and the great premium placed on the familiar trials of intelligence. † These cultural differences can non be forgotten and may function to foreground a failure on the portion of the Bell Curve to look into the grounds for the differences they identified. In a multicultural society how can we be certain that the trials are appropriate for the pupils sitting them? It is argued by the writer that without extended research into the cultural cogency of trials such as CAT and MidYIS, their consequences may take to pupils losing out on chances whilst could otherwise be unfastened to them. Whilst there has been increasing usage of intelligence proving within schools in recent old ages for all students, it has frequently been used to name larning disablements. What deductions for ADHD etc if a wide definition of intelligence had been accepted â€Å" adaptation to the environment † . Such trials are frequently performed by educational psychologists utilizing US-centric trial systems. In response to the increasing desire to label persons as ‘unintelligent ‘ due to their single differences, theories began to spread out the traditional position. Sternberg the â€Å" inclination to blend tonss on trials of intelligence with some sort of personal value † ( 2003b p13 ) . Many theoreticians have purported to follow a wider attack to the significance of intelligence, nevertheless few have really sort to use this to their ain actions or trials. A authoritative illustration of this can be found in the plants of Wechsler, who gives his name to a really traditional manner intelligence trial. Wechsler describes intelligence as â€Å" the sum or planetary capacity of the person to move purposefully, to thin rationally and to cover efficaciously with his environment † ( 1958 p7 ) . However his trial does non reflect this position. This highlights the trouble in inventing trials which match broader theories of intelligence. Given the jobs associated with traditional theories of intelligence, which all excessively frequently focused merely on accomplishments which are valued in the peculiar parts of society, theorists kind to promote a lodger position of intelligence. Sternberg â€Å" the clip possibly has come to spread out our impression and everyone ‘s impression of what it means to be intelligent † ( 2003b p 69 ) . This is an interesting pick of phrasing. It implies that it is non merely theorists which need to spread out their impression ‘of what it means to be intelliegent ‘ but the general populace every bit good. Sternberg proposed his theory of successful intelligence, backed by international research, to explicate why some of the most successful persons in the universe are non considered to be traditionally intelligent. â€Å" A cardinal facet of the theory is that success is defined in footings of a individual ‘s single ends with the context in which that individual lives, instead than in footings of more generalized ends that somehow are supposed to use to everyone. † TFSI â€Å" no affair how good traditional psychometric or cognitive theories account for public presentation on intelligence trials, they seem non to travel much beyond the trials in footings of their ability to account for intelligence in the mundane universe † p.317 â€Å" The triarchic theory is an effort to history for, in a individual theory, what in the yesteryear has been accounted for by multiple theories frequently perceived to be in struggle with each other. † P.325 â€Å" The point to be made, so is that intelligence is non a individual thing ; It comprises a really broad array of cognitive and other accomplishments. Our purpose in theory, research, and measuring ought to be to specify what these accomplishments are and to larn how best to measure and develop them, non to calculate out a manner to unite them into a individual, perchance nonmeaningful figure. â€Å" p. 327 p.335 beyond IQ â€Å" many bing theories of intelligence are uncomplete instead than incorrect † p.328 â€Å" each of the three subtheories of the triachic theory has received at least some empirical proof and amplification, although more empirical research and theory development are clearly needed. † p.334 â€Å" Our research, like that of others, is hindered by the deficiency of entirely satisfactory exeternal standards against which to formalize our theories and steps. † The trouble with bring forthing a wider theory of intelligence is at what point do you halt? What is included and what is non? Where is the line to be drawn? It would look that Sternberg believes that within the US the broadening of intelligence has gone excessively far. â€Å" In U.S. society, cognitive accomplishments have become practically equated with rational skills- the mental bases of intelligence. This equation is a error. † ( Sternberg, wisdom, Intelligence and Creativity synthesized 2003b ) On this point there is one theoretician who has been to a great extent criticised for spread outing this theory excessively far. Howard Gardner appears to hold an of all time turning list of ‘intelligences ‘ each one more vague and abstract that the following, many overlapping with his old classs. The chief expostulation which many people have of Gardner is his usage of the word ‘intelligence ‘ to depict what many would prefer to be known as abilities, accomplishments, endowments or capacities. In response to such unfavorable judgment Gardner explained that he realised, â€Å" that each of these words harboured booby traps, I eventually elected to take the bold measure of allowing a word from psychological science and stretching it in new ways aˆÂ ¦ I was suggesting an enlargement of the term intelligence so that it would embrace many capacities that had been considered outside its range † ( 1999 p33,34 ) . â€Å" There is nil charming about the word â€Å" intelligence † . I have intentionally chosen it to fall in issue with those psychologists who consider logical logical thinking or lingual competency to be on a different plane that musical problem-solving or bodily-kinesthetic aptitude. † ( Multiple intelligences ) â€Å" To name some â€Å" endowment † and some â€Å" intelligence † shows this prejudice. Name them all â€Å" endowments † if you wish ; or name the all â€Å" intelligences † . † â€Å" I think of an intelligence as a biopsychological potency. That is, all members of the species have the possible to exert a set of rational modules of which the species is capable. † â€Å" When I wrote Frames of Mind, I was excessively promiscuous in the usage of the term intelligence, and I applied it in countries where it would hold been preferred to deploy other nomenclature. † Cogency of MI â€Å" it surveys a broad assortment of independent research traditions: neurology, particular populations, development, psychometries, anthropology, development, and so on. The theory is a merchandise of the synthesis of this study. † â€Å" the contention that MI is non theory until the experiments are performed is indefensible. † â€Å" If other researches, looking at the same empirical informations or at new empirical informations, were to come up with a list of modules that were better supported, the current versions of MI theory would be called into inquiry. If there turned out to be a important correlativity among theses modules, as measured by appropriate appraisals, the supported independency of the modules would be invalidated. Furthermore, the theory could be partly disconfirmed on any figure of finer points. Possibly one or more of the campaigner intelligences will be found to be inadequately justified based on farther reappraisal. Possibly there are campaigners that I have non considered. Or possibly the intelligences are non about every bit independent as claimed. Each of these options can be through empirical observation verified and can supply agencies for disconfirming or redeveloping the theory, although in the instance of certain alteration, there might still be some public-service corporation to the theory itself. † The writer would travel as far to province that Howard Garner has non created a list of intelligences, but yet another list of larning manners. This averment is supported by the overplus of articles and books written on the topic in the US and throughout the universe. The application of the theory to the schoolroom puting reads merely as any text on acquisition manners, speaking about holding an consciousness of kids ‘s single form of intelligences, of learning in such a manner that all students have entree to the information in their preferable manner and of developing countries where kids may demo a failing. Sternberg ‘s work is besides non immune from such unfavorable judgment, in his work sing learning for successful intelligence besides describes the theory in a really similar manner to that of acquisition manners. â€Å" The theory of successful intelligence holds that some pupils who do non make good in conventional classs may, in fact, have the ability to win, if they are taught in a manner that is a better tantrum to their forms of abilities. † Teaching for successful intelligence. â€Å" One of the most utile things a instructor can make is to assist a pupil figure out how to do the most of what he or she does good, and to happen ways around what he or she does non make so good. † Coffield ‘s work in this country has found that there are far excessively many accounts of larning manners.

The Funeral Mask of King Tutankhamen

Perhaps one of the most amazing finds in Egyptian archeology is the tomb of King Tutankhamen. Howard Carter, the archaeologist whose subsequent death fueled speculation of the actuality of the mummy’s curse, discovered it in 1923 (â€Å"Tutankhamun,† par. 2). Most well known because it was largely intact at the time of its opening, the site gives modern viewers a rare insight into the life and death of a pharaoh. Today, the tomb remains shrouded in fascination as people all over the world visit displays of the artifacts retrieved from the crypt. According to the National Gallery of Art, archaeologists retrieved fifty-five items from the site, and among the items, King Tutankhamen’s Funeral Mask is possibly the most recognized (par. 1). It is also the most stunning example of Egyptian art recovered from the tomb. The mask of King Tutankhamen, better known as King Tut, is a large headpiece with the face of the young king, worn over the head and shoulders of the deceased. The entire mask is made of solid gold with inlaid blue glass and stones that create horizontal lines along the right and left sides of the head, down to the shoulders. This blue and gold striped headdress, also known as a â€Å"nemes,† which is a â€Å"royal head cloth† to be worn only by the ancient kings (â€Å"Death Mask,† cap. 1). On the forehead portion of the nemes are two small statuettes, one of a vulture and another of a cobra. According to experts, the â€Å"vulture, Nekhbet, and the cobra, Wadjet, protected the pharaoh† (â€Å"Death Mask,† par 1). On the back, the lines of the nemes converge at the bottom, in the center. The piece spares no detail, including the eyeliner worn by the ancient king. As a piece of Egyptian art, the Funeral Mask shows masterful use of the elements of design. The use of color is simply exquisite. Blue, gold, red and black, which comprise the piece, are still colors representative of royalty today. The use of line and space on the sides and collar create the illusion that the young king was large and imposing. In addition, the level of symmetry and balance in the piece is textbook. However, perhaps the most overtly powerful element in the piece is the use of symbols. Iconography and symbols are key to understanding the artists and the subject. The shape of this mask itself is reminiscent of the cobra, ostensibly representative of his power and fierceness. Also, the lines along the sides of the nemes seem to reflect the image of sunrays. In fact, it appears as if the rays of the sun were radiating from the king’s face. The sun god did play a large role in ancient Egyptian religion, but it is also possible that this represents the artists’ love of their young pharaoh. The most obvious symbols on the mask are of the cobra and vulture. Other than their use for King Tut’s protection, they may also represent his adherence to the old religions. According to Britannica Encyclopedia, â€Å"†¦serpent, vulture, and sphinx are all motif symbols tied up with such religious cults as the cult of the pharaohs and the gods and the cult of the dead† (par. 2). Considering the animals’ religious affiliation, and the fact that Tutankhamen spent his short reign reestablishing the various god religions of the past, one must speculate as to the   animals’ religious significance as well (â€Å"Tutankhamun,† par. 5). Perhaps these two particular animals were representatives of the gods that the pharaoh worshiped. Above all, these artists give the impression of adoration for King Tutankhamen in the medium chosen. The entire work is comprised of precious metals and stones that are historically synonymous with wealth and power. Goldsmiths spent a great deal of time refining and molding the metal, while small stones were cut and polished by hand to fit together almost seamlessly in the piece. Today, not only would the piece be expensive to recreate, it would also be somewhat laborious. Even with the use of modern tools, the work would be tedious at best. While it must have been somewhat difficult to achieve this level of work, without these elements the image of their king would have been somewhat dimmed. Although the Funeral Mask would have been exquisite even in clay, ancient craftsmen used materials fit for a pharaoh. Furthermore, ancient artisans obviously put a great deal of care into making their pharaoh’s mask a true representation of the ruler. It appears that their hope was to represent the king accurately and powerfully in the afterlife. Although their belief was that Tutankhamen would carry all the elements of his tomb into the underworld, they fitted him perfectly for presentation to an audience thousands of years later with all the riches one would expect to accompany such a powerful man as pharaoh of ancient Egypt. Even today, the Funeral Mask awes visitors with its royal visage. While some of the elements, such as facial features, seem crude on the surface and lacking realism, they are perfect in their simplicity. Thousands of years later, the artistry of the mask is virtually unmatched. Modern artists and goldsmiths would find the exact recreation of the mask difficult, if not improbable. When combined with the use of color, line, and symbols used by the ancient Egyptians, the mask is perfect. Twenty-first century artisans could not complete such an important task more appropriately. When given the commission of designing a similar piece, with the originality of this one, most artists would fail to find such a faultless balance of elements and design, which makes King Tutankhamen’s Funeral Mask the most superb piece of ancient Egyptian artwork found in the tomb, and perhaps even the world. Works Cited â€Å"Death Mask of King Tutankhamun†. King Tutankhamun by Wysinger. 27 March 2007. . â€Å"Jewelry.† Encyclopedia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 27   March 2007.   . â€Å"NGA – Treasures of Tutankhamun.† National Gallery of Art. 27 March 2007. . â€Å"Tutankhamun.† 27 March 2007. Wikipedia.com. 27 March 2007. .      

Malcolm Gladwell

Interaction Between Personality and Environment A theory that an individual’s behavior is most likely based on factors such as personal convictions, personality, or inherited genes is a common belief in nowadays’ society. This theory seems like reasonable and logical because it is quite natural that a person’s behavior follows his or her characters. Malcolm Gladwell, however, in his essay, â€Å"The Power of Context: Bernie Goetz and the Rise and Fall of New York City Crime,† examines those factors affecting peoples’ behaviors and comes up with his own theory.Gladwell believes that the environmental conditions have the most significant influence on how one behaves. Throughout his essay, he presents a few different studies to help persuade the readers and to substantiate his argument. However, those cases and Gladwell’s theory are quite radical because they are only implied to certain situations, not to all circumstances and criminal cases. Ev en though environmental conditions have a more substantial impact on people’s behaviors, it is the interaction between personality and environment that actually determines the criminal actions.The influence that people’s immediate environment has on them is significant; people are affected by their environmental conditions more than by their previous intention. Gladwell discusses the relationship between environment or situation and an individual’s behavior in the Power of Context; that is, surroundings are closely related to a person’s character, and this theory is well applied when studying the criminals.As Gladwell insists, â€Å"[Broken Windows Theory and the Power of Context] are both based on the premise that an epidemic can be reversed, can be tipped, by tinkering with the smallest details of the immediate environment† (Gladwell 157). The outcome can be a whole different story by a simple and trivial factor. Similar to Broken Windows Theory, if one is at the place, where is dirty and depressed and has relatively high crime rates, one will likely think that violations of law such as throwing away garbage on the road and even committing a serious crime are fairly acceptable.In contrast, even though one was once intended to commit a crime, if one is at the place where is comfortable and tidy, one cannot commit a violent act easily and actually begins to think again about breaking a law. This theory flows into Gladwell’s argument about the Tipping Points that forces people toward violence. Gladwell believes that the little things around people can act as catalysts and significantly change the outcomes of certain situations. As Gladwell notes, â€Å"The Power of Context is an environmental argument.It says that behavior is a function of social context† (Gladwell 159). There has been a similar argument about influence of surroundings in earlier days, but it shows little difference from the claim of Gladwell. Ea rly environmentalism emphasizes the importance of fundamental social factors; crime is the result of social injustice, structural economic inequities, racism, and decades of social neglect (Gladwell 159). However, according to the Power of Context, Tipping Point – the critical point in an evolving situation that leads to an irreversible development – may be as simple and trivial.People do not have to solve the big problems or undertake some heroic steps to decrease a crime rate. All they need to do is scrubbing off graffiti and arresting fare-beaters. An individual’s personality or character also plays an important role in decision-making. Although environmental conditions can greatly affect individual’s action more than anything, their characters may also become a significant factor that determines violent behaviors.Personal convictions, experiences, and even genes can affect disposing individuals to crime. As Gladwell reveals, â€Å"All of those theori es are essentially ways of saying that the criminal is a personality type – a personality type distinguished by an insensitivity to the norms of normal society †¦ People who aren’t taught right from wrong are oblivious to what is and what is not appropriate behavior† (Gladwell 159). Most criminal cases are strongly related to criminals’ personal backgrounds or personal issues.It is quite obvious that people who have not taught what is and what is not right or wrong from their parents or in schools as they grew up are ignorant of illegal or violent actions and more likely commit crimes than educated people. Personality can be built throughout one’s entire life. Whether it is from family, friends, or teachers, the impact of these external forces can influence one’s character significantly. Those external forces may seem like an environmental condition, but the concept is quite different from the environmental factors that Gladwell uses in his argument because they are continuous surroundings.Family, friends, or teachers are usually key components of one’s life, and thus they play a crucial role in shaping one’s personality. Gladwell, in his essay, discusses many aspects of an individual’s character development. As he proposes an example, â€Å"People who grow up poor, fatherless, and buffeted by racism don’t have the same commitment to social norms as those from healthy middle-class homes† (Gladwell 159). This example perfectly demonstrates the idea that personality is shaped by individual’s constant character development and that character can have great influence on his or her decision-making.Those continuously shaped personalities or characters often interact with context in determining an individual’s behavior. Through effective examples of psychological and social experiments, Gladwell stresses his argument of the Power of Context. Interrelationship between person ality and environment eventually determines the individual’s behavior. In the example of the poor, the fatherless, and people suffered by racism committing violent actions, it is not because of either their pure personalities or environmental conditions; interact between both is that forces those people to commit a crime.Poor or fatherless surrounding is obviously the environmental factors, but those factors shape people’s personality throughout their life. As Lillian Rubin, Goetz’s biographer, writes, â€Å"there seems to be something seductive about the setting† (Gladwell 159). The Power of Context reveals that a poor environment leads people to commit violent actions, but people themselves are the one who are motivated to do immoral things. As Gladwell asserts, â€Å"Environmental Tipping Points are things that we can change: we can fix broken windows and clean up graffiti and change the signals that invite crime in the first place† (Gladwell 16 5).Motivations that come from environment, whether they are trivial or significant, force people to commit a crime even more. However, as the quotation insists, those Tipping Points can be changed and fixed easily by people’s little attention and slight changes in the surroundings. Gladwell uses the example of graffiti to support this argument. Even a little motivation such as graffiti in a subway can act as a catalyst that leads people to commit a severe crime because it may stimulate some people with bad experiences of childhood.The effects that environmental conditions have are quite significant, but those situations usually interact with people’s inner minds or personality greatly. People are influenced by the small changes in circumstances and force themselves into committing crimes, but this also means that the rate of crime can be decreased by fixing the slight things that affect people’s behaviors and that force people toward violent actions. Environment al conditions cannot be solid reasons for every crime occurred; personality is closely related to the surroundings when studying the criminal cases.In today’s world, building one’s personality is a multi-layered experience, influenced by environmental conditions. Some people may argue that the influence of immediate environment on decision-making is significant while others claim that personality or character plays a key role in controlling one’s action. However, the interrelationship between personality and environment is the most influential factor that determines one’s all kinds of behaviors. Every person carries pieces of identity that are not identical to other people’s, but even those, in some ways, are influenced by others all the time.Moreover, personality or character is affected not only by other people but also by social structures a person resides within, the family he lives with, and even the media he always faces. Personality can be f lexible depending on the surroundings. Therefore, although environmental conditions have a much more significant influence on people’s actions, the interaction between personality and environment is the one that actually controls how and why people behave in a certain way. Malcolm Gladwell Interaction Between Personality and Environment A theory that an individual’s behavior is most likely based on factors such as personal convictions, personality, or inherited genes is a common belief in nowadays’ society. This theory seems like reasonable and logical because it is quite natural that a person’s behavior follows his or her characters. Malcolm Gladwell, however, in his essay, â€Å"The Power of Context: Bernie Goetz and the Rise and Fall of New York City Crime,† examines those factors affecting peoples’ behaviors and comes up with his own theory.Gladwell believes that the environmental conditions have the most significant influence on how one behaves. Throughout his essay, he presents a few different studies to help persuade the readers and to substantiate his argument. However, those cases and Gladwell’s theory are quite radical because they are only implied to certain situations, not to all circumstances and criminal cases. Ev en though environmental conditions have a more substantial impact on people’s behaviors, it is the interaction between personality and environment that actually determines the criminal actions.The influence that people’s immediate environment has on them is significant; people are affected by their environmental conditions more than by their previous intention. Gladwell discusses the relationship between environment or situation and an individual’s behavior in the Power of Context; that is, surroundings are closely related to a person’s character, and this theory is well applied when studying the criminals.As Gladwell insists, â€Å"[Broken Windows Theory and the Power of Context] are both based on the premise that an epidemic can be reversed, can be tipped, by tinkering with the smallest details of the immediate environment† (Gladwell 157). The outcome can be a whole different story by a simple and trivial factor. Similar to Broken Windows Theory, if one is at the place, where is dirty and depressed and has relatively high crime rates, one will likely think that violations of law such as throwing away garbage on the road and even committing a serious crime are fairly acceptable.In contrast, even though one was once intended to commit a crime, if one is at the place where is comfortable and tidy, one cannot commit a violent act easily and actually begins to think again about breaking a law. This theory flows into Gladwell’s argument about the Tipping Points that forces people toward violence. Gladwell believes that the little things around people can act as catalysts and significantly change the outcomes of certain situations. As Gladwell notes, â€Å"The Power of Context is an environmental argument.It says that behavior is a function of social context† (Gladwell 159). There has been a similar argument about influence of surroundings in earlier days, but it shows little difference from the claim of Gladwell. Ea rly environmentalism emphasizes the importance of fundamental social factors; crime is the result of social injustice, structural economic inequities, racism, and decades of social neglect (Gladwell 159). However, according to the Power of Context, Tipping Point – the critical point in an evolving situation that leads to an irreversible development – may be as simple and trivial.People do not have to solve the big problems or undertake some heroic steps to decrease a crime rate. All they need to do is scrubbing off graffiti and arresting fare-beaters. An individual’s personality or character also plays an important role in decision-making. Although environmental conditions can greatly affect individual’s action more than anything, their characters may also become a significant factor that determines violent behaviors.Personal convictions, experiences, and even genes can affect disposing individuals to crime. As Gladwell reveals, â€Å"All of those theori es are essentially ways of saying that the criminal is a personality type – a personality type distinguished by an insensitivity to the norms of normal society †¦ People who aren’t taught right from wrong are oblivious to what is and what is not appropriate behavior† (Gladwell 159). Most criminal cases are strongly related to criminals’ personal backgrounds or personal issues.It is quite obvious that people who have not taught what is and what is not right or wrong from their parents or in schools as they grew up are ignorant of illegal or violent actions and more likely commit crimes than educated people. Personality can be built throughout one’s entire life. Whether it is from family, friends, or teachers, the impact of these external forces can influence one’s character significantly. Those external forces may seem like an environmental condition, but the concept is quite different from the environmental factors that Gladwell uses in his argument because they are continuous surroundings.Family, friends, or teachers are usually key components of one’s life, and thus they play a crucial role in shaping one’s personality. Gladwell, in his essay, discusses many aspects of an individual’s character development. As he proposes an example, â€Å"People who grow up poor, fatherless, and buffeted by racism don’t have the same commitment to social norms as those from healthy middle-class homes† (Gladwell 159). This example perfectly demonstrates the idea that personality is shaped by individual’s constant character development and that character can have great influence on his or her decision-making.Those continuously shaped personalities or characters often interact with context in determining an individual’s behavior. Through effective examples of psychological and social experiments, Gladwell stresses his argument of the Power of Context. Interrelationship between person ality and environment eventually determines the individual’s behavior. In the example of the poor, the fatherless, and people suffered by racism committing violent actions, it is not because of either their pure personalities or environmental conditions; interact between both is that forces those people to commit a crime.Poor or fatherless surrounding is obviously the environmental factors, but those factors shape people’s personality throughout their life. As Lillian Rubin, Goetz’s biographer, writes, â€Å"there seems to be something seductive about the setting† (Gladwell 159). The Power of Context reveals that a poor environment leads people to commit violent actions, but people themselves are the one who are motivated to do immoral things. As Gladwell asserts, â€Å"Environmental Tipping Points are things that we can change: we can fix broken windows and clean up graffiti and change the signals that invite crime in the first place† (Gladwell 16 5).Motivations that come from environment, whether they are trivial or significant, force people to commit a crime even more. However, as the quotation insists, those Tipping Points can be changed and fixed easily by people’s little attention and slight changes in the surroundings. Gladwell uses the example of graffiti to support this argument. Even a little motivation such as graffiti in a subway can act as a catalyst that leads people to commit a severe crime because it may stimulate some people with bad experiences of childhood.The effects that environmental conditions have are quite significant, but those situations usually interact with people’s inner minds or personality greatly. People are influenced by the small changes in circumstances and force themselves into committing crimes, but this also means that the rate of crime can be decreased by fixing the slight things that affect people’s behaviors and that force people toward violent actions. Environment al conditions cannot be solid reasons for every crime occurred; personality is closely related to the surroundings when studying the criminal cases.In today’s world, building one’s personality is a multi-layered experience, influenced by environmental conditions. Some people may argue that the influence of immediate environment on decision-making is significant while others claim that personality or character plays a key role in controlling one’s action. However, the interrelationship between personality and environment is the most influential factor that determines one’s all kinds of behaviors. Every person carries pieces of identity that are not identical to other people’s, but even those, in some ways, are influenced by others all the time.Moreover, personality or character is affected not only by other people but also by social structures a person resides within, the family he lives with, and even the media he always faces. Personality can be f lexible depending on the surroundings. Therefore, although environmental conditions have a much more significant influence on people’s actions, the interaction between personality and environment is the one that actually controls how and why people behave in a certain way.

Navigating the Global Essay: Lost in Translation ; Seamus Heaney Essay

The reactions of characters towards a turning planetary civilization. whether a retreat or an embracing. are to a great extent influenced by personal picks. Within the sphere of Voyaging the Global. picks are about surely influenced by the fortunes in which they occur. whether this be a pick to maintain the connexion to the local. or travel towards a more planetary scene. Three cardinal texts that exemplify this phenomenon include the movie ‘Lost in Translation’ by Sophia Coppola made in 2003. the Seamus Heaney’s poems ‘Digging’ ( 1998 ) and ‘Personal Helicon’ . and eventually the illustration ‘Globalisation’ ( 2012 ) by Michael Leunig. All three delve profoundly into the interplay between internal pick and external circumstance. While they do research how fortunes can act upon picks. ‘Lost in Translation’ has a secondary probe of how picks can impact the circumstance. ‘Lost in Translation’ is a movie that explores the determinations made by two characters when they are stranded in a foreign state. It besides shows how their fortunes finally shape the determinations that they make. The characters already exist in a extremely globalised universe. and moreover. in one of the most technologically advanced metropoliss on the planet – Japan. Although the movie is set in this metropolis. there is besides an component of the local throughout the movie. Japan’s apposition of the new age and deep-seated tradition becomes a focal point throughout the movie as the supporters finally end up giving favour towards that planetary Utopia they found with each other. The supporters. Charlotte and Bob represent opposing sides of this ; Charlotte the traditional. Bob the new age. A scene that best represents Charlotte’s supplanting within this technological environment. is when she is situated within her hotel room. and is speaking to a friend on the phone. The dull lighting and Grey cityscape that is seen from out the extended window. high spots her supplanting within the hotel. The mid shut up angle of Charlotte huddled on a place in the center of the room. shouting to her friend about how she misses them. farther demonstrates her isolation within the black scene. This juxtaposes strongly with her behaviour when she is out near a temple with nature around her. She seems. although entirely. to be more at place and interested with the civilization than when entirely in the hotel. and in one scene. is in awe of a stamp minute between bride and groom. This is shown through the broad shooting of her standing back from the twosome. and a panning shooting of them walking. with the bride in traditional frock. The fact that we feel Charlotte is more comfy within a natural scene is even more relevant to the pick that she makes to pass more clip with Bob in a more commercial and authoritarian metropolis. and within the hotel. The hotel is one of the most symbolic characteristics of the movie and as hotels are a world-wide symbol for globalisation and the meeting of civilization with traditions. this becomes of import when Bob chooses to remain longer because of the close friendly relationship formed with Charlotte. They are a physical manifestation of cross-cultural convergence in one individual topographic point. Therefore. the hotel in ‘Lost in Translation’ becomes a clear word picture of non merely the supporters fortunes act uponing their pick. but of isolation. of the bounds of the American ethos. and of the dangers of linguistic communication barriers. This is demonstrated clearly in the sauna scene for Bob. when two other work forces have a conversation. perchance in German. which he is incapable of understanding. The high angle mid shut up shooting of the two work forces sitting together. speaking comfortably. while Bob is distanced from them with a offended look. illustrates his confusion and banishment from general raillery and interaction with new people. Earlier in the movie. Bob tries to pass on to the lensman in his whiskey advertizement. The manager harangues for a drawn-out period. doing expansive physical gestures and dramatically giving instructions. but when he finished this public presentation. his transcriber says merely a simple sentence of obscure way. This is another critical indicant of how the true significance of words and conversation is wholly lost in interlingual rendition. This subject of the globalised universe of Japan is relevant to the circumstance that the film has been set up in because of Sophia Coppola’s 21st century up conveying. The film itself can be seen as a remark on the turning planetary graduated table of the universe. and the multicultural boundaries that are film overing and altering within the universe. Not unlike Lost in Translation. Michael Leunig’s sketch ‘Globalisation’ focuses on the move off from the natural and towards encompassing an progressively planetary and technological universe. The image portrays two human figures in the Centre. they are framed on one side by a stark. black tree that seems to be smoldering as if holding merely been burned. and on the other side by a aggregation of tall edifices with little Windowss. seen from a distance. The lone text in the illustration says. ‘What is Globalisation? Globalisation is put ining light Earths in every bit many topographic points as possible on the face of the earth’ . The wordplay of ‘Globalisation’ is used to decrease or even parody the impact of existent globalization. The human figures face off from nature and look to prefer the cityscape. with their faces upturned with little smilings. This symbolism of traveling off from the smouldering. enduring tree and towards the apparently pristine metropolis is used to convey that we. as worlds. are burying our original place in nature. He suggests a witting pick to travel off from the natural and towards the planetary civilization. The fact that the tree is so outstanding within the image. and that it is giving off some sort of toxic looking fume. is an baleful symbol which forshadows the dangers of preferring the man-made to our natural province. Similarly. this penchant is reflected repeatedly in Lost In Translation. with characters traveling towards the planetary and more technological universe. But in contrast. Leunig conveys this in a more sinister and nescient tone. whereas in Lost In Translation. the more modern scene is seen as a sort of safe oasis for the two characters who are lost in their common isolation. This relates back to the issue of how the fortunes that you are in. e. g. the isolation that Charlotte and Bob feel. and the deceasing natural universe in Leunig’s illustration. act upon the picks that are made. this clip being to travel and accept a more planetary universe. In contrast to Lost In Translation. Seamus Heaney’s poems ‘Digging’ and ‘Personal Helicon’ focal point on the importance of the local. and the foundational relationships held within taking to maintain that plain connexion. Within these two verse forms. great importance is placed on the geographic expedition and grasp of nature and the natural environment. Throughout the verse form ‘Digging’ . the connexion to his male parent. gramps and other household members. and his pick to stay affiliated with his Irish heritage is seen through â€Å" †¦ a clean rasping sound – When the spade sinks down into the gravelly land – my male parent. excavation. I look down. The audile imagination in ‘rasping sound’ when explicating the shovel noise is an immediate nexus to nature. and the significance of murphies and agribusiness in Irish heritage is highlighted. The direct nexus to his male parent with ‘ My male parent. I look down’ conveys his relationship with his male parent is still at that place. but that it has changed from him looking up to his male parent. to him doing the more big pick of admiting his work. but traveling off from him. or going an grownup. This pick to distance himself from the outlooks of his male parent comes within the last line â€Å"Between my finger and my thumb- The chunky pen rests- Ill dig with it. The metaphor of turning his more modern occupation of a author. and the tool in which he uses. his pen. and turning it into a spade which was his male parent and grampss tool. Tells us that. although he is honouring household and maintaining within the local by still keeping connexions. the fortunes for him have changed. and so he moves merely somewhat to a more modern universe. The poem ‘Personal Helicon’ is somewhat different. in that it is wholly about traveling off from the people ar ound you. and the forward universe. and happening peace in purdah and nature. This verse form of the remembrances of a adult male looking back on his childhood and his captivation with Wellss. is one that demonstrates how childhood and the associations that you had as a kid. in this case with nature. can act upon what you do subsequently in life. and how he longs for that childhood captivation once more. Within the line ‘I savored the rich clang when a pail – Plummeted down at the terminal of a rope. ’ It gives us insight into Heaneys connexion with the simpleness of nature. and his childlike self’s captivation with crude objects. This is farther shown in ‘ When you dragged out long roots from soft mulch – A white face hovered over the underside. ’ The usage of ‘you’ bespeaking that it is a relatable state of affairs. and the tactile and ocular imagination found in ‘ long roots’ . ‘soft mulch’ and ‘ White face’ gives us farther penetration into his connexion and love for nature. The reference of his contemplation being seen in the H2O is a nexus to how he sees himself in nature. and is hence connected to it. The last lines in the verse form ‘ †¦ To prise into roots. to thumb slime†¦ Is beneath all grownup self-respect. I rhyme- To see myself. to put the darkness echoing. Shows that as an grownup. it is unacceptable to make the things he one time loved as a kid. and the lone manner to raise the memory of that is to state it through his verse forms. The usage of the high mode of ‘beneath all grownup dignity’ alludes to the fact that he is now in a universe that is un-accepting of nature. and the pick he has made to remain within that place means that he can ne'er truly happen his purdah within nature that he had as a kid. turning up in Ireland and the agrarian civilization that valued nature. once more. Within the texts ‘Lost in Translation’ by Sophia Coppola. ‘Digging’ and ‘Personal Helicon’ by Seamus Heaney and ‘Globalisation? by Michael Leunig. the issues of how fortunes can impact picks within the globalised universe. and how the picks you make will and can impact the fortunes you are in is explored through a figure of different ways. Whether the characters have chosen to withdraw from the modern universe. or encompass it. the picks made within the texts are coming from some kind of influence from their old fortunes. It is clear that your upbringing and local state of affairs will act upon how you go about voyaging through an progressively planetary state of affairs.

Behavior is hereditary Essay Example for Free

Behavior is hereditary Essay The whole issue of nature and nurture is complex with potential debates centered round their influences on human development. Nature refers to the traits inherited from parents while nurture refers to the influence of the environment to an individual’s behavior (Lippa 2005, p. 26). Psychological research shows that both nature and nature have a general influence on the physical and behavioral characteristics of people. This paper seeks to explain the factors which affect nature and nurture. The nature theory holds that human behavior is hereditary. True to the theory, some traits such as blood type and eye color are known to be predominantly genetic. It can therefore be asserted that genetic variation of people affects the development and characteristics of the next generation (Lippa 2005, p. 28). Nurture on the other side holds that the environment in which an individual is brought up in influences his or her behavior. In this context therefore, it can be acknowledged that the ability of an individual to interact and conform to the societal requirements and the environment at large affects the degree to which the environment can influence the individual’s behavior (Lippa 2005, p. 28). Still to be noted here is the effect of age on the influence of nature and nurture. Inherited traits are first noticed when a child is born. As the child grows up to teenage, behavioral characteristics are predominantly influenced by the environment because of the interactive nature of people at this stage of growth as well as the ability to conform to peers and the society at large (Lerner & Bearer 2004, p. 86). At adult stages, people tend to become more independent hence less influenced by the environment. At this stage therefore nature prevails but the nurture traits acquired at early stages of growth remains effective. In conclusion therefore, nature and nurture are undoubtedly influential to human development. Nature gives inborn traits while nurture takes these inborn abilities and changes them with age to fit the individual’s environment. ? Bibliography Lippa, R 2005, Gender, nature, and nurture, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Lerner, R, & Bearer, E 2004, Nature and Nurture: The Complex Interplay of Genetic and Environment. Routledge: New York. Behavior is hereditary. (2016, Sep 12).

What is the single most important issue to you that should be a top Essay

What is the single most important issue to you that should be a top priority in our national discourse Why - Essay Example Currently, the issue is widely debated in the public and political arena in the US that how appropriate it is to allow civilians to keep arms with them. Follman argues that there is no rationale in the belief that when more people are armed, there are better chances of stopping these tragic events. In fact, facts prove otherwise. In none of the cases any civilian ever intervened to stop the mass killing. Even if in a particular case any civilian did intervene, either they failed miserably to stop the killing or they themselves were harmed or killed. The fact remains that mass shooting has increased several fold in the US because it has been easier than ever before for anyone to carry guns in public places such as movie theaters, parks, schools (Follman). It can be noticed that casualty score is much higher in 2012, especially due to Sandy Hook and Aurora theater incidents. It is a fact that American society has been heavily armed since its inception and private arms have been increasing at a rapid pace. Sales data reveal that in 1995, 200 million guns were in possession of the people in the US. In a rough estimate, its number is now close to the total US population that means, on average, each citizen is in possession of some kind of a gun under the excuse of self-defense (Follman). National Rifle Association (NRA) is known in the US as a formidable pro-gun lobby and spends a lot in support of politicians for its cause. NRA also organizes for firearms safety training and tournaments across all parts of the US. Most states also recognize the NRA trained instructors by law. While NRA proposes in the defense of law-abiding citizens and against the crime makers, it takes a hardliner view whenever a debate spurs about enacting any gun control measures. As Kucinich reports, NRA has been mounting pressure on lawmakers through